Everybody Loves Seashells – If you have ever walked the beaches along the Atlantic or Pacific coasts, you have likely come across various seashells, lovely and irresistible to pick up! Follow along for interesting facts and identification guidlines for those seashells that filled you with wonder!

The univalve seashells profiled in this photo essay can be found in the subtropical to tropical Atlantic coastal regions bordering the USA, the Caribbean, South America and the Gulf of Mexico or the Indo-Pacific coastal regions bordering India, China, Japan, Australia, Indonesia, South Korea, Russia and the USA.  

What Is a Univalve? Univalves, otherwise known as gastropods or snails (sea snails), possess valves (shells) characterized by a single shell, typically spiraled.  When identifying univalve shells, location is important along with the obvious features such as shape, textures, markings, and color. Size is important as well, but keep in mind that sometimes you may have found a juvenile that hasn’t reached full size.

Univalve Identification and Facts in the following order:

• 1. Triton’s Trumpet (Giant Triton)
• 2. Girdled Triton
• 3. Banded Tulip
• 4. Cumings Cerith
• 5. Florida (Dark) Cerith
• 6. Adam’s Miniature Cerith
• 7. Common (Atlantic) Auger
• 8. Boring Turret
• 9. Rough Turban
• 10. Wavy Turban
• 11. Gold Mouth Turban
• 12. Silver Mouth Turban
• 13. Delphinula “Dolphin” Snail
• 14. Florida Voluta

1. Triton’s Trumpet “Giant Triton” (Charonia tritonis)

• The Triton’s Trumpet, also called Giant Triton, is a large species of sea snail; one of the biggest mollusks in the coral reef
• It is named (Triton) for the son of the Greek god of the sea (Poseidon).
• It is a decorative treasure sometimes modified to a trumpet, such as the Japanese “horagai.”
• It’s one of the few animals that feed on the Crown of Thorns Starfish, a large and destructive species having killed extensive areas of coral on the Great Barrier Coral Reef of Australia. This Triton has a reputation for tearing apart the starfish to pieces with its file-like radula.
• It’s a protected species in Australia and other countries such as India but is illegally traded and found in shops around the world and on the internet for sale!
• .
• Size: Up to 2 ft, 60 cm (the sample from my collection is a juvenile measuring 6 in (15 cm)
• Habitat: Primarily reside in shallow coral reefs, rocky shores, and lagoons, often found on sandy or hard bottoms from the low intertidal zone down to depths of roughly 650 feet (200 meters) 
• Range: Widespread in the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea to Japan, New Zealand, Australia, the Mediterranean from East Africa to Pacific Hawaii

2. Girdled Triton (Linatella caudata)

The Girdled Triton is shaped with small spines arranged along deep cut ribs. The tail is turned to one side. The color varies with white background, light-gray and brownish markings, or rarely greenish

• Size: Up to 2 3/4 in, 7 cm
• Habitat: often found on soft substrates such as sand and mud, but also in seagrass meadows at depths ranging from shallow intertidal zones to over 300 ft (100 meters) with a common range from 65-650 feet (20 – 200 meters)
• Range: This species is very widespread (but uncommon) from the Atlantic coast of South Carolina to Brazil, across to the Canary Islands. It is also present in European waters in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Red Sea, and in the Indian Ocean along Tanzania and in the Indo-Western Pacific as far north as southern Japan.

3. Banded Tulip (Cinctura lilium)

The Banded Tulip shell does not grow as large as the true tulip’s “Fasciolaria tulipa” which is often confused with its cousin. The color pattern is also different, the banded tulip shows color splotches that can be redder to tannish color (bluish in rare areas) and the stripes that give the banded tulip its name are much farther apart. Both species are from the same family “Fasciolaria”. Both species are shaped like a spindle that opens in the middle and forms a pointy spire on the ends. They prey on other mid-size gastropods.

• Size: 3-4 in (7-10 cm)
• Habitat: Prefers sandy or muddy bottoms, seagrass beds, and inlets in depths ranging from 2 -150 feet (0.6 – 46 meters) 
• Range: North Carolina, south to Florida and the Caribbean, west to the Texas Gulf

4. Cumings Cerith (Pseudovertagus aluco)

The Cummings Cerith shell shows prominent knobs, is light colored with dark brown speckled blotches. One may find Cetiths of all species scurrying around in shallow ocean lagoons, but look more closely, there may be a hermit crab occupying it, so when you collect the long slender Ceriths, make sure they are empty of living creatures. About 30 species of Ceriths are found in North American coasts and approximately 42 species are found along coasts of the Indo-Pacific regions in warm or temperate waters. They feed mostly on waste matter or algae and people like to put them in aquariums as cleaners.

• Size: Up to 3 1/2 inches (9 cm)
• Habitat: Soft sea beds, seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, rocky shores, and mudflats. They are found in intertidal and subtidal zones, often burrowing into or grazing on top of sand, mud, and algae-covered rocks. 
• Range: Indo-West Pacific regions

5. Florida Cerith “Dark Cerith” (Cerithium atratum)

The Florida Cerith (Dark Cerith) shell diplays a ribbed beaded texture with distinct varied brown stripping and the animal is a rather small species of gastropods.

• Size: 1.5 in (4 cm)
• Habitat: Soft sea beds, seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, rocky shores, and mudflats. They are found in intertidal and subtidal zones, often burrowing into or grazing on top of sand, mud, and algae-covered rocks. 
• Range: North Carolina to Florida, west to Texas

6. Adam’s Miniature Cerith (Seila adamsi)

The Adam’s Miniature Cerith as the name suggests, is a rather small slender conical shell with flat whorls sculptured with three strong, spiral cords distributed evenly on whorls. It is typically colored orange to dark brown. It is named named in honor of American conchologist and educator, Charles Baker Adams (1814-1853). 

• Size: 1/2 in (1.2 mm)
• Habitat: Soft sea beds, seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, rocky shores, and mudflats. They are found in intertidal and subtidal zones, often burrowing into or grazing on top of sand, mud, and algae-covered rocks. 
• Range: Massachusetts to Florida, south to the West Indies

7. Common “Atlantic” Auger (Terebra dislocate)

The Common or Atlantic Auger, also called Eastern Auger diplays a shell that can be colored from gray to tannish-white. They have a slender triangular shape, with a small aperture and a very long spire.

• You wouldn’t want to pick up a live auger because they have venomous, stinger-like teeth to subdue their prey, and the flesh may also be poisonous depending on the species.
• The Augers are relatives of the Cones. This is the most abundant of the four species of auger snails living on the sandy shores of southwest Florida.
• During mating season, they may be observed in populated swarms.
• They feed on small crustaceans, clams, and worms.

• Size: Up to 2 1/2 in (6 cm)
• Habitat: Muddy or sandy flats in intertidal shallows to depths of  25 feet (8 m)
• Range: Florida to Texas

8. Boring Turret (Turritella acropora)

The Boring Turret snail may vary from whitish tan with pinkish and orange-brown irregular mottling. Adults may have up to 15 whorls that bulge with fine concentric lines.

• Are not as commonly found because they tend to remain offshore farther in deeper waters than most.
• The Turritelline gastropods are moderately diverse and abundant.
• Typically, filter-feeding on microscopic organisims found globally, often in high-productivity environments. 

• Size: Up to 4 in (10 cm)
• Habitat: Offshore sub-tidal, sandy, or muddy bottoms, often at depths ranging from 18 ft to 2400 ft (5.5 to 755 meters).
• Range: North Carolina, Florida, much of the Gulf Coast, south to Cuba and the Bahamas.

9. Rough Turban (Turbo setosus)

The Rough Turban is typically green with brown patches and a pearly white aperture. The texture is beaded, and the top spire is acute and pointed. As with all turbo shells, they have round to semi-circular apertures with inflated, thick shells topped with swirling spires, giving them the appearance resembling a turban (a wrap-around headdress).

• Turbo Snails are found in tropical regions around the world. They were in existence as early as the Upper Cretaceous period approximately 100 million years ago.
• Empty turbo snail shells are a favorite choice of hermit crabs and favorites among collectors and crafters who love to polish them beautifully and put them on the market.
• Most young snails feed on algae, while adults feed on seaweed.
• They prefer to avoid bright light and are often found in shaded, damp areas to minimize water evaporation.
• They can tolerate a wide range of temperatures.
• Turbo or turban snails are known for their defensive chemical receptor mechanism enabling them to sense predators like sea stars and crabs, often leading to rapid flight responses, such as fleeing to higher ground, dropping into deeper water or detaching to float away.

• Size: Up to 3 in  (8 cm)
• Habitat:  Intertidal rocky shores, coral reefs, and seaward platforms, often in tropical to subtropical waters. They can be found under stones, in crevices, or in reef rubble in depths as deep as 90 ft (30 m) deep.
• Range: Indian Ocean east to the northern shores of Australia

10. Wavy Turban (Turbo fluctuosus)

The Wavy Turban varies in color from olive green, brown, or grayish with varying patterns and displaying a white aperture shaped round to semi-circular and the main body is inflated, bulbous and thick topped with swirling spires, giving them the appearance resembling a turban (a wrap-around headdress). The Wavy Turbans are herbivores frequently populating areas with abundant algae and kelp, often in areas with strong wave action. 

• Size: Up to 3 1/2 in (9 cm)
• Habitat: Rocky reefs, kelp beds, and shallow rocky shores from intertidal zones to depths of 250 feet (76 meters)
• Range: Pacific Ocean from Southern California farther south to the western Mexican coastline and Peru, further west to Galapagos Islands

11. Gold Mouth Turban (Turbo chrysostomus)

The Gold Mouth Turban displays a rough textured shell. The color is a patterned brownish or white, marbled with chestnut to red flecks. Of course, the best way to be sure of its identity is its richly golden, shiny aperture. It is often polished and sold in stores or used in crafts.

• Size: Up to 3 in (8 cm)
• Habitat: Shallow, intertidal rocky areas and coral reefs, often at depths ranging from the shoreline down to 65 ft (20 m)
• Range: Indian Ocean off Madagascar Basin to Western Pacific Philippines to Northern and Western Australia

The Silver Mouth Turban shell is typically green with brown markings and (as with most turbos) patterns. Sometimes the apex is red, others, goldish. The silver glossy aperture is a dead giveaway varying ornamental for this species. Collectors especially love to polish this beauty and put them up for sale!

• Size: Up to 3 in (8 cm)
• Habitat: Frequently found on coral reefs, rocky shores, and in lagoons typically found at depths ranging from the intertidal zone to about 100 ft (30 m). They prefer areas with rock fragments and seaweeds. 
• Range:  Indo-West Pacific, including the Red Sea, East Africa, Madagascar, the Philippines, and Australia.

13. Delphinula “Dolphin” Snail Shell (Angaria delphinus)

The Delphinula or Dolphin Snail shell is variable in form, size, color, and spine formation. The shell is typically colored pinkish to purple, brown, or grayish. It’s thick and flattened conically. The outer shell has spiky projections which may be short or long depending on the environment and other factors. The aperture is pearly white. It’s been called a turbo snail, but is not a true turbo.

Interesting how the Dolphin Snails are able to adapt their shell to their surroundings, creating darker, more ridged shells in rocky environments and brighter colors near coral reefs.

• Size: Up to 2 3/4 in (7 cm)
• Habitat: Primarily found in shallow, subtidal, and intertidal waters, including rocky shores, reef flats, and areas near coral reefs and algae-covered rock beds to depths of 148 ft (45 m)
• Range: Indo-Western Pacific to Northern Australia, New Caledonia, and Japan to Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and the Andaman Sea

14. Dubious Volute (Aurinia dubia)

The Dubious Volute is distinguished by its elongated shape, and thin shell. There are numerous upper anterior spiral whorls and the outer shell displays thin lateral ribs. Like all Volutes, the shells have an elongated aperture from the first whorl. The shell is typically tan-colored with sparse reddish-brown spots. After the animal dies, the colors can fade.

All members of the family Volutidae are carnivorous. Their prey includes other mollusks and echinoderms. A Volute seeks out buried bivalves with its siphon and encloses the prey in its huge foot, then waits. When the exhausted bivalve opens up to breathe, which can take several days, they siphon out the flesh with the radula! Volutes may hunt their prey from the surface, but often burrow to eat their prey under the sand.

Fossils of this Volute family have been discovered from the Pliocene Period 5.3 million to 2.5 million years ago.  

• Size: Largest of the volutes up to 7 in (18 cm)
• Habitat: Deep sandy or muddy bottoms ranging from 160 to 1300 feet (50 to 400 meters) 
• Range: North Carolina, south to Florida, the Gulf of Mexico and the greater Caribbean

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